This apparatus is used to study the effects of both pipe surge and water hammer using two separate straight pipes with a constant head tank. 

Pipe surge employs a clear acrylic surge shaft to demonstrate gradual velocity change, hence pressure rise and its oscillations by slow valve closing. Water hammer employs a quick closing valve and two pressure sensors-one next to the valve and another further away. Sudden rise in pressure on quick closing valve can be demonstrated on a computer (separately supplied). A Hydraulics Bench (required but separately supplied) with a measuring tank, a storage tank and a pump is used for both water supply and flow rate, measurement.

• Pipe surge and oscillations in surge shaft.
• Friction loss between head tank and surge shaft.
• Pressure profiles for water hammer and comparison with theoretical values.
• Determination of the velocity of sound through a fluid in a pipe.

• HB100 Hydraulics Bench with stop watch
• HP 010 Flow digital display